Feedback introduction to aesthetics

 FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS IN THE DISCUSSION OF AESTHETICS AND PHILOSOPHY OF ART.

CONCEPT OF AESTHETICS.

Of Aesthetics, which they define as the science of beauty, they also have a conception of integrative synthesis. Against those who maintain that Aesthetics is that part of Psychology that deals with sensibility and studies, therefore, all phenomena -the problems related to sensations, both internal and external, and to feelings, both pure aesthetic and intellectual and moral-, and against authors such as Baumgarten and Kant, for whom this discipline only deals with the feeling that the perception of the beautiful awakens in us, Álvarez Espino and Góngora Fernández defend that the object of aesthetics is double, and encompasses a subjective and an objective sphere, belonging to analogous orders although they do not correspond to the internal and the external: Álvarez espino, 1870. "This science is presented to us as a true philosophy of art, theory of theories, poetics of poetics, which comprises all the particular facts and coordinates them under the power of certain rational principles".

CONCEPT OF EXPERIENCE OR AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE.

The experience that someone has of the beautiful through emotions and aesthetic feelings. It is translated as the joy or pleasure produced by the perception of the aesthetic forms of nature or of an object of art. Since the birth of aesthetics as a science, in the 18th century, its object of study is considered to be the aesthetic experience, or the analysis of what is beautiful.

CONCEPT OF THE BEAUTIFUL.

Kant (2017) defines the beautiful "as that which, without concept, is represented as the object of universal satisfaction, or in other words: the beautiful is that which pleases universally without concept". On the other hand, Diderot affirmed that "beautiful outside of me is everything that contains in itself something that arouses in my understanding, and beautiful in relation to me is everything that arouses this idea".

THE BEAUTIFUL AND THE AESTHETIC.

Commonly, beauty is defined as the characteristic of a thing or person that, through a sensory experience, procures a sensation of pleasure or a feeling of satisfaction. On the other hand, Aesthetics is the branch of Philosophy that has as its object the study of the essence and perception of beauty.

AESTHETIC UGLINESS.

Although the term beauty is commonly associated with aesthetics, it should be clarified that ugliness is also part of it, because one could not leave out something that is considered ugly when for some it is beautiful. In art, ugliness is used by the artist to cause remembrance, however, when we talk about aesthetics in the language of design, it is immediately associated with beauty, which would be all those harmonic and symmetrical forms. Considering then the ugly as the opposite of this, and that also causes repulsion and rejection, depending on the point of view of each person, which is influenced by their way of perceiving, due to their culture, beliefs or environment.

THE WORK OF ART.

WHAT A WORK OF ART TRANSMITS.

Art is the sensitive vision of the human being about the real or imaginary world. Artists express their perceptions, emotions and sensations through various linguistic, plastic and sound resources. A work of art, therefore, is a product that conveys an idea or a sensitive expression. It is the creation that embodies the intention of an artist. It fosters emotional reactions in the people who enjoy it. In the same way it also favors the development of the imagination and in relation to this, the capacity of reflection and communication, as well as creativity.

WHAT NATURE EXPRESSES.

The beauty of nature is total since we can perceive it with our five senses, we can smell it, for example the beautiful aroma that the earth gives off when wet or the smell of a rose; we can see it, for example when contemplating the sunrise, sunset or dusk; we can hear it, when listening to the singing of birds or the rushing of the wind; we can taste it, at the moment of eating any of the foods that it offers us and we can also touch it, either by feeling the texture of any element that it offers us, such as sand or water; we can enjoy all these actions on a daily basis and with them discover the beauty that exists around us and that many times we are not able to detect.

TO ENJOY ART.

Let yourself be carried away by passion. The world of art can only be enjoyed with passion and letting the works of art make us fall in love with them. ... We must also give ourselves permission to dislike a work of art, or to disagree with a certain artist.